Humming Birds :: essays research papers

Hummingbirds in Flight   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hummingbirds are fascinating birds that are always fun to watch. These birds are able to hover in mid-air, dart from side to side, go straight up or down, or even backwards. They can out-fly and out-maneuver birds hundreds of times their size. There are many factors that contribute to the hummingbirds’ ability to fly so easily through the air.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A hummingbird’s wings are shaped so that they are slightly rounded on the top. Bernoulli’s Principle explains why this helps the bird to fly. The air passing over the top of the wing must travel further than the air going under the wing. As the hummingbird moves forward, the velocity of the fluid increases over the wing and the pressure above the wing is reduced. The higher pressure under the hummingbird’s wing provides lift for the bird.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hummingbirds have unusually strong muscles that enable them to raise and lower their wings with great power. As the Hummingbirds thrust their wings up and down, they fly into the air with amazing agility and speed. The sleek outline of the bird and smooth feathers create little drag as the bird darts through the air. Hummingbirds have even been seen flying upside down!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another factor that helps explain how hummingbirds fly is called Archimedes Principle. The hummingbird stays in the air at a high altitude because it is held up by a buoyant force. The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid it displaces. The Venturi effect is evident when the hummingbird holds it’s wings close to it’s body.

National economic policy

On the issue of the global war on terror there are various effects which come along with the paying for the long-term war on terror. The huge amounts spent on this kind of war are spent through the government, through the private and other indirect means in the economy and these costs will need to be paid in the years to come.The policy or programs recommended addressing the likely effects of paying for the war on terrorWorld trade organization The world trade organization as an international organization promotes liberalization by encouraging all the nations to lower their existing trade barriers. In addressing the issue of the global war on terror the world trade organization has a mechanism by which it settles and also resolves various disputes without the result of any costly trade wars. Since the United States is a member of the world trade organization the country’s markets have been liberalized (William D. Orpheus 2002)Social securityThe social security program is highl y recommended in addressing the likely effects of war on terror. This ensures that the country has provided its citizens with the security that is needed against the attacks from the country’s enemies. Through the social security program the American citizens are given internal as well as the external security and they are also made to feel very safe in their own country.This is achieved by the continual; manning of the country’s entry points such as the airports and the sea. Ports. On the other hand there is lot of surveillance in the country and this prevents any possible attacks from the terrorists. The social security fund similarly ensures that the social welfare of the country’s citizen is well catered for and the citizens are well aware of their social security in terms of their social welfare. (U.S. Department of Justice 2002)Medicare and Medicaid spendingThe Medicare and also the medic aid spending are also recommended in addressing the likely effects o f paying for the long term war on terror. This provides the soldiers and also those who are involved in the war on terrorism a cover on their medical spending.The long-term financial strategy and the unique fiscal challenges of paying for the long term war on terrorThe American national security highly depends on the country’s financial security. There has been a revolutionary war debt in America and this and this has been a very huge threat to the nation’s creditworthiness and also its very existence. There has been an establishment of various financial principles in order to further secure the country. The country has been borrowing a lot so that it can pay for the war in Iraq as well as the short sighted tax cuts in the face of the long term war on terror which has been running against the American tradition thus placing the country into a security peril. (Daniel McGinnis with Suzanne Smalley 2003)This has led the American government to further realign its economic policies on the country’s taxes, the social security, Medicare, and also the country’s oil dependency so as to safeguard the American liberty as well as its future. The need to pay for the war on terror in America has driven the country to a financial innovation the American common duties for instance have often fallen off with the existing hostilities and this has further led to the increased reliance on the consumption and also the excise taxes.This has highly cut the civilians demand and freeing up the war resources but it has been very burdensome on the poor Americans. On the other hand the taxes on the businesses in America and also the wealthy people are very popular however they do not this do not reduce the consumption in the country and they also discourage an energetic investment in the country’s war industries. If it is broad based the financial debt can cement the support on the war but if it is not then it could lead to a class of creditors who have excessive political power.The shortsighted fiscal policyThe forging of the American fiscal policy has not been very simple since most of the American president’s have been frequently facing the congressional resistance to the country’s massive tax and its borrowing requests on several occasions. It has been found that the fiscal policy can not be only about the raising of very huge sums of money even though this is very important for the country as it addresses the issue of war on terror. But the fiscal policy could also be about finding several ways in resolving the country’s internal differences so as to unite the country behind the war effort as well as maximizing the productive output in the country’s economy.The American fiscal policy is short sighted since it is viewed by large portions of the country’s populations as unfair since the methods employed by the political leaders for securing funds for the war are also not fair. This will howeve r make the efforts for the support for the war to greatly suffer. On the other hand the methods used to raise money for the war on terror have weakened the country’s economy and also the country’s foundation of the military power.America has been faced with a major challenge of financing the war on terrorism since the long war has been fought is being fought in parallel with the ground wars which are prolonged in Iraq and also Afghanistan. The fiscal policy will limit and also prevent the government’s ability to pay for the threats of the catastrophic attacks from the country’s unknown enemies. This is because the policy has led to the elimination, postponement or even the reduction of funding for the low priority domestic projects so that there can be room for the high priority military spending in the budget.How to successfully prosecute the global war on terror while at the same time meeting the growing cost of retirement and the healthcare benefitsThe American leaders can successfully prosecute the global war on terror while at the same time meet the growing cost of the population’s retirements and the healthcare benefits of all the Americans. This could be achieved by finding ways which meet the crucial security needs while at the same time addressing the country’s healthcare costs of the aging population and the escalating retirement benefits.The country’s administration should adapt a long-term fiscal strategy which will allow for such needs to be met. The country’s budget on the other hand should encompass and also as set aside some amounts of money which will cater for the social security demands, together with the healthcare benefits and the growing costs of retirement for the aging population in America. Similarly the strategy should include more thorough prioritization on the allocation of the country’s resources.This will allow the curbing of the non essential spending in the country. On the other hand there should be a tax policy which will help in the avoidance of the country’s chronic deficits. Similarly the American government should adapt fiscal policies and strategies which will match the payouts in the prerogative programs at a closer look to the money which is flowing into the country. (Robert D. Hormat. 2007)The country should also reduce its dependence on the on the foreign capitals as this aggravate s the financial threat which is facing America as a nation. So that there could be a successful prosecution on both the war on terrorism and at the same time meeting the growing cost of retirement and the healthcare benefits the fiscal policy should be consistent and not in any way undermine the American national security.Reference:William D. Orpheus (2002): Iraq, The Economic Consequences of the War.   New YorkReview of Books, December 5,U.S. Department of Justice. (2002):   Explanation of the Process for Computing Presumed Economic Loss. Retrie ved fromAccessed on 12th December 2007Daniel McGinnis with Suzanne Smalley (2003): Now Families Face the Cost of War.Newsweek, April 21, 2003, p. 11..Robert D. Hormat. (2007): The Price of Liberty: Paying for Americas Wars. Published by Henry and Holt Company

Violence in Dantes Inferno and Ovids Metamorphoses

Wright 1 1960 words Julian E. Wright Dr. Sharon Fulton Literature Humanities/Essay 1 27 February 2014 Violence in Dante’s Inferno and Ovid’s Metamorphoses Scenes of great violence, as the prompt says, are often written into dynamic narratives of great literary merit. From Dante Alighieri’s Inferno to Ovid’s Metamorphoses, the inclusion of violence as a literary technique is used to propel the narrative forward, all while adding action, intrigue, and engaging the reader. Despite it’s validity as a literary technique, the inclusion of violent scenes in literature serve much more than the simple purpose of pushing a plot along a set of structured points. Scenes of violence provoke thought in areas ranging from human nature to the nature of†¦show more content†¦(XXIII, 61 ­65)† As this is a subtle form of a violent attack on their bodies, Dante creates this Wright 3 1960 words consequence as a method to show the sinners what it feels like to be deceived as they did to the world in their lives. There is one sinner, however, that suffers more than the others. Caiaphas, who was a high priest in his life on Earth, is violently crucified to the ground as a symbol for betraying the church in hypocrisy. The way he is crucified forces him to lay on the ground directly in the path of the other robed sinners, in a manner so that they are forced to walk on him whilst donning their heavy robes. The subtle violence of the consequences contrived to see the effects of hypocrisy that the sinners caused to their friends, family and strangers was ultimately done unto themselves. Seeing the pain they caused other people causes great pain to the sinners physically as well as emotionally. Throughout the Inferno there are numerous examples of violence and brutality, presenting Dante’s purpose with clarity and precision. The violence is placed in the poem specifically for reason, to show that the souls that are in Hell are there for a good reason. It also shows that the worse the sin was, the worse the sinner’s punishment would be, causing them the pain that they caused the world through different ways of violence. Some of these are physical and others mental violence. However, most of theShow MoreRelatedThe Divine Perfection Of God s Justice Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesserves to illuminate one among Dante’s major themes: the perfection of God’s justice. The inscription over the gates of Hell in Canto III expressly states that God was affected to make Hell by Justice (III.7). Hell exists to penalize sin, and also the quality of Hell’s specific punishments testifies to the divine perfection that each one sin violates. This notion of the quality of God’s punishments figures considerably in Dante’s larger ethical messages and structures Dante’s Hell. To trendy readers,Read MoreThe Waste Land: a critical view Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesThese two books have been identified by Eliot himself, along with a number of vegetation and fertility myths and rituals, especially those connected with ‘Attis, Adonis and Osiris‘. However, we do read the echoes of Ovid’s – ‘Metamorphoses’, St. Augustine’s ‘Confession’, Dante’s- ‘Inferno’ and ‘Pargatorio’, baudelaire’s ‘Paris La Forgue’s ‘City’ ,Wanger’s opera- ‘Tristan and Isolde’, Chaucer and Spenser’s writing , Shakespeare’s- ‘Antony and Cleopatra’, and ‘The Tempest’, Milton’s- ‘Paradise Lost’,Read MoreThings That Go Bump In the Night: Wh y They Are Scary2198 Words   |  9 PagesWerewolves are creatures that we find in many different cultures around the world. The most classically known origin story for the beasts comes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses. In it’s first book, Jupiter goes to Earth to observe humans after hearing of their evil nature. He reveals himself to the Arcadians who immediately start worshipping, all except their king, Lycaon. He does not believe the god’s immortality and seeks to put it to the test. Lycaon kills a messenger from another city and cooks himRead More Myth and Violence in The Waste Land Essay2655 Words   |  11 Pagescommon thought. These structures include concepts of life and death cycles; degeneration, death, and decay; purgation, purification, and rebirth; and creation and destruction. A common thread throughout the various mythic structures is that of violence. Violence is necessary for the completion of mythic processes. A simple example of this idea is the a xiom that destruction (an intrinsically violent act) is a pre-requisite for creation. Furthermore, myth entails specific, violent acts against the human

Malcolm X Once Said That The Most Disrespected Person In

Malcolm X once said that the most disrespected person in America is the black woman, the most unprotected person in America is the black woman, and the most neglected person in America is the black woman (Rodriguez, 2016). Lemonade is the sixth studio album by Beyoncà © Knowles and was released in 2016. The record is Beyoncà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s second visual album, containing 12 songs and a 65 minute long film. The album is described as â€Å"a conceptual project based on every woman’s journey of self-knowledge and healing,† and is widely known to be inspired by her husband Jay-Z’s infidelity. The tracklist is as follows: â€Å"Pray You Catch Me,† â€Å"Hold Up,† â€Å"Don’t Hurt Yourself,† â€Å"Sorry,† â€Å"6 Inch,† â€Å"Daddy Lessons,† â€Å"Love Drought,† â€Å"Sandcastles,† â€Å"Forward,† â€Å"Freedom,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦The rise of our digital age has had a direct effect o n Americans’ participation and activism in our tumultuous social climate. Boosted by the election of Obama, a celebrated black, liberal president, topics revolving around women’s rights, black and LGBTQ rights, and police brutality began to fill various social media outlets. Additionally, at this time, the internet had already established itself as an essential tool for distributing and sharing music. As a result, music began to focus on less ephemeral, more niche movements; â€Å"Lady Gaga sang about queer acceptance in 2011’s â€Å"Born This Way,† Kendrick Lamar’s â€Å"Alright† became an unofficial anthem of the Black Lives Matter movement, and Beyoncà © brought feminism in music to the mainstream with her 2014 self-titled album and the song â€Å"Flawless† (Henwood VOX). Artists are now able to reach millions in a matter of seconds, and thus, music was revived as a method of political protest and activism. The power of social media and its effect on political conversations and cultural production is undeniable. In the wake of George Zimmerman’s acquittal for the shooting death of Trayvon Martin and the rise in visibility of high-profile cases of police brutalities against unarmed black Americans, legitimate movements have started with a simply hashtag on Twitter, such as #BlackLivesMatter. Nowadays, one can access a video of a black man dying at the hands of police within seconds.Show MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Black Women1398 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships they build and sustain throughout their lives rather than the short euphoria of temporary materialistic objects (money, clothes, status). However, as told by Abraham Maslow, what humans desire the most is to belong. As love is the glue that binds loyalty and acceptance, once it is taken away, it results into the emptiness that manifests itself deep inside your perception. Black Women have experienced betrayal in the sens e that their features and qualities are praised on women of different

Inclusion and Autism in Main Stream Schools - 3923 Words

Apart or A Part? Inclusion and Autism in Main Stream Primary Settings. The number of pupils with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) being educated in mainstream settings is increasing (Humphrey 2008). Inclusion in main stream education can be extremely beneficial for pupils on the autism spectrum (Great Britain. Department for Children, Schools and families, 2009), however there is growing concern about the educational experiences of pupils with ASC. Only 12% of parents with children in an unsupported mainstream primary school are very satisfied (Barnard et al 2000). Almost half of the schools staff where pupils with ASC attend feel that a significant number of the pupils are not getting the specialist support they need and over†¦show more content†¦De Santos and Daly (2008) suggest that parents considered inclusion to be of upmost importance and that inclusion can work and is happening, however there are still occasions whereby inclusion is not working and could be improved. Parents perceived that inclusion offered the best outcomes for children with ASC with realistic experiences of preparation to live more independently as adults, allow autism to become more widely recognised, enables children to feel part of a peer group and wider community, inspires confidence and happiness reducing anxieties and offers fuller opportunities to better education experiences (Charman, 2011., Wittemeyer, 2012., De santos and Daly, 2008.,Barnard et al, 2000). When parents were asked what kind of school they would ideally like their children with ASC to attend neither special, resource bases or mainstream took preference (Batten et al, 2006). Despite some high profile Inclusion debate relating to the type of setting in which children with ASC should be educated , it is expertise in autism that is important to parents (Batten et al, 2006). The continuing trend to greater inclusion is welcomed in principle by teachers. It is widely agreed by teachers that to exclude certain children from main stream social and academic education can not only be harmful to the future outcomes of thoseShow MoreRelatedApplied Behavior Analysis : The Challenges Of Intellectional Education868 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Students with disabilities often struggle in school specifically because their reading comprehension skills are inadequate. A four-week study was conducted to assess the impact of iPad assisted instruction (IAI) versus teacher directed instruction (TDI) involving 3 male individuals ranging from the ages of 9 to 11 years old who had an official diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and whose reading levels were at least 1 grade lower than their current instructional grade. AccordingRead MoreMainstreaming : The Influence Of Inclusion Based Education1586 Words   |  7 PagesMainstreaming: The Influence of Inclusion-Based Education According to the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, 89% of children with moderate learning difficulties, 24% of children with severe learning difficulties and 18% of children with profound multiple learning difficulties are educated in mainstream schools. A practice so prevalent must surely be effective. However, that is not always the case. It’s disheartening watching these mainstreamed students struggle socially and academicallyRead MoreThe UK Education System for Disabled Pupils 3474 Words   |  14 Pagesis presently experiencing a major transform which has no occurred at any time since Butler Education Act in 1944. There are currently an enormous variety of schools with extensively mismatched governance, funding arrangements and legal obligations. All pupils in England, excluding those at self-governing (i.e. private or fee paying) schools and the recent academies are necessary to remain to the National Curriculum. Northern Ireland and Wales mainly pursue the National Curriculum needs. United KingdomRead MoreEssay about Ilm M3.01 Solving Problems and Making Decisions2653 Words   |  11 Pageseducation services to support and promote opportunities for all disabled children and their families in Enfield. The service is open to any disabled children and young people who have significant global delay, autism or life threatening conditions under the age of 18. In my role as inclusion development manager I am responsible for enabling disabled children and young people to access mainstream activities of their choice within the borough. I provide the resources, staff and training for any universalRead MoreAnalysing Problems with the Implementation of Inclusive Education Policies in India Using Multiple Governance Framework8714 Words   |  35 Pagespolicy issues but unravels the complex organisational arrangements that make it a unique study of implementation analysis. At the outset, the decision-making process has to reconcile the differences between two policy streams - the educational ‘entitlement’ of children in mainstream schools and the educational ‘needs’ of children with disabilities – before a coherent policy can be established. The implementation is 1 http://www.educationforallinindia.com/ Accessed on 16/08/10. 3 beset with complex organisationalRead MoreAward In Education Training 650231182 Words   |  105 Pageswhen they commence employment, therefore students should come to session already understanding expectations. However I reiterate the rules on both sides at the start of a session. 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Consolidation Account Requirement Dividend â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consolidation Account Requirement Dividend? Answer: Introduction The paper focused on the case of Sydney airport, which is a listed company in Australia. The company began its operations in 1933 with three runways. Sydney airport is located approximately 8 kilometers from the city center, and 10 kilometers from the major tourist attraction sites. Business operations Sydney airport is a primary airport and an international getaway company based in Australia. The company contributes $ 30.8 billion annually to the national economy through its economic activity. The contribution is approximately 6.4% of the New South Wales economy, which offers 306,700 direct and indirect jobs(Michael, 2017). The business is located 8km from the city center and 10 km from major tourist attractions. The business consists of three runway networks, that is, main north-south runway (4.0km), parallel north-south runway (2.4km) and east-west runway (2.5 km). Also, there are 102 international terminal stores and 116 domestic terminal stores. Check-in service desks are 234 for terminal 1, 68 for terminal 2 and 85 for terminal three. The net cash flow from business activities has increased due to increased revenues and the offset of airport operating expenses(William, 2017). Investment and investment activates Sydney airport assumes a disciplined approach while investing. The company earns a return on aeronautical and commercial infrastructure capital investments. Sydney airport investment activities involved the issuing of $ 900 million US144A/RegS bond to reinforce capital management approach. The amount raised from the issue was used in repaying drawn bank facilities. The net cash flow used in investing activities in 2016 are shown as ongoing investments while investments done in 2015 include the T3 transaction worth $535.0. The company has made investments in the terminus and airport precinct to target new business opportunities. Moreover, it has invested in the property and car business and lease sites, hotel sites, freight facilities, airline offices and airline lounges(Dickson, 2017). Financing and financing activities The company has realized a revenue growth of 11% which is equivalent to $ 1.364.6. Earnings before interest and tax had a growth of 8.2% (1.085.7 million). The security-holder distribution growth is at 21% translating to 31.0 cents per stapled security. Also, the company has issued $900 million bonds at the rate of 4.9% which is fully hedged against currency exposure for ten years results that exceed treasury objectives. The aeronautical revenue has had a growth of 5.6% with 3.8% domestic while 8.9% international. Retail revenue stand at 12.2%, property and car revenue has a growth of 15%. Moreover, parking and transport revenue have grown by 3.6%(AU Government, 2017). Financial reporting activities Sydney airport observes the following practices concerning the financial reporting. The financial report is build up by consolidated financial statements of SAL group and SATI Group as stipulated by Accounting Standards. The financial statements are prepared by the corporations act 2001, which is also in line with Australian Accounting Standards. The financial report is prepared under historical cost convention based on the evaluation of financial assets and liabilities such as derivative instruments at fair value. Also, the financial report represents the finances regarding Australian dollars which is the required currency by SATI and SAL. The values are rounded to the nearest thousands of dollars unless directed otherwise(Freed, 2017). Industry, Regulatory, and External Factors Sydney airport is an international airport, which is the busiest in Australia, and the world's longest-serving airport. The airport handles a capacity of about 41,870,000 passengers with over 326,686 aircraft movements making it the 38th busiest airport in the world. The airport serves 43 international and 46 domestic destinations directly. The company operates in a highly concentrated industry whereby most aircraft movements go through Australias major airports such as Brisbane and Melbourne. Over the past five years, the industry has experienced significant growth due to the increase in the volume of passenger movements. This industry is segmented into the rental of airport retail space, rental of rental of airport property, air traffic control and navigation, and airport aeronautics (Silvester, 2017). Industry growth The Australian airline industry has witnessed major structural changes whereby the Commonwealth has adopted a policy, which permits more than one Australian owned international airlines to operate scheduled services to and from Australia. Also, the current trend in the industry of low-cost international carriers is now being felt in Australian industry. As a result of this trend, the Australian authority has developed the trade practice act that inhibits unfair competition throughout the industry. The growth of the industry has also seen the opening up of more destinations, with all the major international airlines operated by private owners under long-term lease from commonwealth (John, 2017). Industry supply chain The airline industry supply chain in Australia consist pertains activities of sourcing resources such as jet fuel, labor, and other supplies, to ensure the delivery of quality services to the customers. The supply of jet fuel has proved to be the largest cost item consuming over 40% of the operating cost, which in turn increases the industry cost and restrains growth. The largest cost contributor of the jet fuel is the transportation cost from the Australian ports to the aircraft. The second largest cost contributor in the airline industry is the aircraft maintenance. The supply chain is usually outsourced keeping in mind the issues of safety. This, however, compels the airlines to part away with a huge cost to get the quality services on maintenance(Brian, 2017). Major players The Australian airline industry consists of domestic and international airlines. Despite the domestic airline having minimal regulation, the international airline is heavily regulated by the commonwealth. The main industrial players in the Australian airline include Qantas, which comprehensive regional and international networks and feeder traffic in other overseas airlines. The second largest player is virgin blue, which despite having modest services compared to Qantas; it has managed to put up competition in the domestic industry through its low-cost travel budget. Other players include Sydney Marylebone and Brisbane. However, the domestic airport is the most populated and highly competitive compared to the international industry. Market share and industry players Qantas is the third oldest airline in the world founded in 1920. The airline has managed to acquire almost 30% of the market share in the international market. Sydney airport serves an approximate of 39.7 million, which consists about 13.7% of the total market; share(Mary, 2017). Critical success factors The success factors in Australian airport industry include industry deregulation, increase in passengers both domestic and international as well as the emergence of cheaper airlines. Also, the industry has recently experienced an increase in the number of companies offering aircraft maintenance which in turn has drastically reduced the fee charged on their services to ensure that they can keep up with the competition. Moreover, the presence of companies like FedEx and UPS as well as manufacturing companies who arrange with the airport industry has contributed to the sustainable income of this industry through carriers and air cargo(Martin, 2017). Major threats The airport industry serves as the window to the country, in the same case this window is exposed to terror attacks or even the entry of terrorists. Another threat is the possibility of entry of diseases from other countries through the airport. Also, airports serve as the conduit for drug and other abusive substances that have been illegalized in Australia. Such entry of illegal substances from the foreign countries could lead to harm in the local society and economy. Another threat involves the risk of accidents due to malfunction of aircraft control system; such a risk threatens the passengers life as well as the reputation of the company (Martin, 2017). The legal environment The legal environment in which Sydney airport operates in consist of regulations on financial reporting as well as the legal and political environment. The Sydney airport abides by the airport lease rules and procedures regarding lease with the Commonwealth. One of the main regulation that the company abides by Sydney airport is the airport's act 1996. This amendment strives to ensure the development of civil aviation in Australia, regulate the airports in the interest of its users and the general community. Promote efficiency and economic development in the operation of airports and facilitate the comparing of airports performance in a manner that is transparent. Also, the act serves to ensure the diversity of ownership and control of certain major airports remains in control by the domestic residence (Brian, 2017). External environmental factors Political o Sydney airport operates in a stable political environment o The deregulation of the airline industry has brought many business opportunities to the company o The open skies policy ensures that the airport has frequent and different clients who help generate revenues o The foreign ownership rules ensure that the industry is maintained and majorly owned domestically Economic o The economic global financial crisis has also been felt in the airline industry which has led to reduced number of airports and airlines o The reduced disposable income as a result of increase in the cost of living has led to reduced freights due to reduced number of passengers hence reduced revenues o The increased devaluation of the Australian dollar against the dollar is making it hard for the airport to maintain the highest quality services. o Fuel cost has been on the rise, which is affecting the revenues of the company. Social o The change in consumer demographics has seen most passengers preferring to spend less during traveling thus making fewer profits from the passengers. o This change in consumer preference has also been influenced by consumer preferences as well as the increased travel lifestyle. Technological o The advancement of video conferencing has proven to cut on cost as well as enhance efficiency o More and more operation is now being handled over the internet at a reduced cost o The investment in surface transportation is now providing a secondary source of income that helps to compensate the reduced profit in the primary activities of the airport. o Modern and efficient aircraft has enabled the airport to save a lot on fuel and thus reduce the losses. SWOT ANALYSIS Strength o Sydney airport has a strong dominance in the Australian market o It has also fostered its global presence through partnership o Has a stable income platform that is also growing o The airport has strong marketing and public relations. Weakness o The move to lower cost base through layoff may create tense industrial relations o The airport currently has a mismatch in capacity increase and market demand. o The company is reducing its non-core assets, which automatically reduces its value. Opportunities o More opportunities lie in digital marketing and loyalty program o The airport also has the advantage of big data analytics for operational efficiency and customer experience Threats o There is a lot of risk due to the volatility of foreign exchange as well as the fuel o The issues with regulations are hampering the efforts to expand the business. o There is a lot of competition from the Asian rivals. Porters five forces analysis The Porter's five forces affecting the airport industry include the following: The bargaining power of buyers- the bargaining power of buyers, has continuously increased due to the availability of various options to select. Such options include low cost, traveling services and premium traveling services. Also other service providers in the industry offer services that increase the buyers purchasing power (Sydneyairport.com.au, 2017). Bargaining power of suppliers- In the airline industry the suppliers bargaining power is relatively low due to a large number of suppliers who offer similar kind of services. Such suppliers include virgin airlines and Qantas airlines. The threat of substitute- the threat of substitute is much lower in comparison to other transport means since air traveling is much faster. Long distance traveling cannot be much faster on roads or sea as on air. Thus the threat substitute is low. Rivalry among existing firms- the competition is currently so server in the domestic market. Sydney airport is competing with Melbourne and other airports, which has led to losses during operations (Airport, 2017). The threat of new entry- the threat of new entry is lower since newer players require huge investments in infrastructure. In general, the airport industry has access to financing which is used to expand business despite the existing regulations regarding the expansion of businesses. Also, the finance accessibility is exposed to fluctuations in interest rate which might dent the airport business cash flow in the long run. Moreover, the Australian dollar has been continuously been devalued against the Australian dollar over time, which has made international business operations expensive. Objectives, strategies and Assessing business risks With airport industry experiencing significant growth in the number of airports and technology, the current competitiveness requires the industry to cut down on its rate to get more clients. These changes have forced Sydney airport to change its operations strategy to keep up with the competition. The current state of the airport shows that the company might have to reconsider the complete change in their operations to manage in keeping afloat in the industry. Such changes could be through serious investment in technology and expansion of the airport. Other risk factors that might influence business operations in the airport include government regulations that limit the ownership of the airport to only 49% from foreign investors. This limits the number of new ideas brought to the table (Nystrm and Asproth, 2013). New products and service Sydney airport has currently invested in property and transport where is has introduced taxis to ferry passengers to their destinations from the airport as well as to the airport. The transport investment is currently being faced by fierce competition from other transport service providers. The competitors are offering much cheaper rates, which is likely to drive the Sydney airport transport out of business. Expansion of business The consideration to expand the airport business might be a good idea in the long run for Sydney airport. However, the expansion might not be rewarding in the short run as the market size is currently small and has not yet exhausted the current resources available. New accounting requirements Sydney airport has experienced various changes in their income reports. These changes will continue to happen as the industry continues to shift. The recent reduction in rates charged on aircraft might also prompt the adjustments of costs associated with airport operations to ensure that the organization stays afloat. The changes may also affect service delivery, which poses a risk of poor marketing (Velez-Pareja, 2012). Regulatory requirements The regulatory framework requires that all leased federal airports observe the airports act 1996 during their planning. The regulation requires the preparation of a master plan, which addresses the environmental strategy of 20 years renewable after every five years, the failure of the airport operations to observe the environmental strategy subjects the company to legal exposures. Current and prospective financing requirements Sydney airport is currently receiving financial gains from it primary operations as well as secondary operations. The primary operations involve the hosting of flights while secondary operations involve the transportation and hosting of passengers. These operations are currently being faced by fierce competition from rivals who are offering cheaper rates. This move could cripple Sydney airport business operations. This means that the business needs to strategize on its pricing strategy in the short run as well as consider new uncompetitive investments (Knapp, 2013). The use of information technology The airports information technology infrastructure is as any other system, vulnerable to external as well as internal threats by hackers. The system can lead to loss of business profits or even damages in cases where the system has been compromised. Another alternative would be to upgrade the system, which in turn would require funds to see the process to completion. Effects of strategy implementation The system upgrade means that almost all other systems and operations will be automated including the financial reporting systems. The automation of almost all operations means when a hacker manages to override the security system, he or she will be able to access the all the information and control including finance and other control information. This means the hacker can perform the act of terrorism with the help of company resources. Therefore, despite the upgrade of the system, the huge investment should be made on security measures to ensure the financial data, as well as the rest of company information, is safe(Sanders, 2011). Analytical procedure and entity performance Current ratio = current assets /current liabilities 2014 Current ratio = $613.6/ $1222.9 = 0.5 2015 Current ratio = $524.7/$753.9 = 0.7 2016 Current ratio = $665.5/$833 = 0.8 The current ratio of the company s increasing constantly and by 2016 the company had almost experienced total efficiency. Debt equity ratio Debt equity ratio = debt/ equity 2014 Debt equity ratio = $9938.6/$3280.2 = 3 2015 Debt equity ratio = 10864.1/ 3092.7 = 3.51 2016 Debt equity ratio =11365.9/2886.3 = 3.94 Debt equity ratio has shown a slight increase since 2014 meaning that the company is accumulating huge debts by leveraging its equity. Return on equity Return on equity = net income/ average shareholders equity 2014 Return on equity = 290.8/ ((3280.2+3687.2)/2) Return on equity = 0.083 or 8.3% 2015 Return on equity = 537.4/ ((3092.7+ 3280.2)/2) Return on equity = 0.17 or 17% 2016 Return on equity = 564.4/ ((2886.3+ 3092.7)/2) Return on equity = 0.18 0r 18% The return on equity ratio has shown a constant increase over the period of three years meaning that the net income is also growing. Profit margin ratio Profit margin ratio = net income/ net sales 2014 Profit margin ratio = 290.8/1163.6 Profit margin ratio = 0.25 0r 25% 2015 Profit margin ratio= 537.3/ 1229 Profit margin ratio = 0.44 or 44% 2016 Profit margin = 564.4/1364.6 Profit margin = 0.41 or 41% The profit margin ratio has increased from 2014 with a percentage of approximately 15%. This shows that the airport is experiencing growth in customers as well as its investments. External factors affecting the entity The above ratios are also reflecting the industrial performance over the period of three years whereby the industry started to realize significant growth shortly after commonwealth deregulated the domestic market. Much of the realized increase in revenue is due to domestic operations as well as from local investments (Schuster, 2009). Management and governance Sydney airport is a public company governed by the Australian constitution as well as the Commonwealth laws. Apart from these laws, the company has its internal policies, which guide ethics and conduct of the company. These policies are communicated to the staff through company handbooks as well as in weekly meetings. Commitment to competence The company also has strict guidelines concerning the hiring of employees as well as the sourcing of suppliers. The company requires that the employees possess the required skills and knowledge, and so are the suppliers. This is done so to ensure employees and suppliers exercise integrity in their dealings as the passengers is primary focus of the company is ensuring safety (De Neufville, 2012). Participation by those charged with governance The decision-making process in the management of Sydney airport involves the board of directors as well as the two major investors. The two major investors are SAT and SAL. The mixture of several stakeholders in determining the direction of the airport helps to raise and scrutinize important issues that help ensure the success of the company. Moreover, the independence of the stakeholders ensures the management executes of all the stakeholders. Management philosophy and operating style Sydney airport management ensures that activities are conducted within the scope stipulated by the operational risk matrix and policies and in line with the board directives. Financial reporting of the company follows the international accounting standards to allow the users interpret the data easily. Also, information processing follows the policies of the company that shapes up the information processing framework (Jackob, 2008). Organization structure The organization structure of the company consists of the CEO Directors, CFO, and COO who reports to the CEO and an investors relation who reports to the CFO and COO. Assignment of authority and responsibility Sydneys airport board of directors provides directions to the company, through the chief executive officer. The executive officer then directs the company employees towards the goals of the company. The chief financial officer, chief operations officer and the investors relations all of whom conduct the core duties of the company, report to the chief executive officer. Human resource and practices The human resource policy requires that a fixed annual remuneration consists of base salary and benefits, which include the minimum regulatory superannuation contribution. Also, the human resource has set key performance targets in line with NRC at the beginning of the year. The key performance indicators are set to ensure long-term, and short-term objectives are met. Conclusion This paper shows that auditing does not only focus on the financial analysis but a holistic process that considers internal and external operations of an entity. The case of Sydney airport shows that the auditing is done by the directors to the staff, suppliers, and even the customers. This provides a clear picture of how the organization is managing to handle its issues with its stakeholders. In conclusion, auditing is a vital part of company processes as it provides unbiased feedback. References Airport, S. (2017). Org Chart Sydney Airport. [online] The Official Board. Available at: https://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/sydney-airport [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. AU Government (2017). Australian Airline Industry Parliament of Australia. [online] Aph.gov.au. Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0203/03RP10#eairports [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017]. Brian, K. (2017). ASA 315 - Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment - October 2009. [online] Legislation.gov.au. 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The Greek Tragedy Antigone free essay sample

Antigone vs. Ismene In the Greek tragedy Antigone, the playwright Sophocles developed his characters with strongly contrasting personalities. The sisters Antigone and Ismene are foils to each other, in that they are characters with completely opposite personalities. Antigone is strong, stubborn, and stands up for what she believes in, while Ismene is weak, obedient to the law, and very passive. Throughout the play, Antigone and Ismene display their opposing beliefs and personalities. When introduced in the prologue, the conflict of Polyneices burial reveals the difference between Antigones strengths and Ismenes weaknesses.The prologue also distinguishes their contrasting values concerning the laws of the gods and the laws of humans. Creons law forbidding the burial of her brother uncovers Antigones courageous, powerful characteristics, and also unmasks her strong belief in the laws of the gods. After hearing of the law, Antigone tells her sister â€Å"Ismene, I am going to bury him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Greek Tragedy Antigone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Will you come? /†¦ Creon is not strong enough to stand in my way†. (Prologue 31-35). Antigone is well aware of the punishment for defying Creon’s law, but is still willing to suffer the consequences.She believes that divine law overpowers human law, and is not afraid to express her opinion. Another scene of the play in which Antigone displays her strong and brave personality is Scene 2. After the Sentry leads Antigone to Creon, he asks â€Å"Had you heard my proclamation touching this matter? †(Scene II 54). Antigone sarcastically responds by saying â€Å"It was public. Could I help hearing it? † (Scene II 55). The tone of voice Antigone uses in this scene suggests that she is not intimidated by Creon. Antigone’s courage triumphs for not only disobeying the king’s law, but also for speaking to him in the manner she did.Antigone Unlike her sister, Ismene lets her gender and fear of punishment get in her way, causing her to be weak and obedient to the law. When Antigone asks Ismene to help bury their brother, she immediately responds: â€Å"Bury him! You have just said the new law forbids it. / †¦ But think of the danger! Think of what Creon will do! † (Prologue 32-34). Ismene does not dare think of going against Creon’s law, which shows that she is weak. Ismene’s response to Antigone shows that she knows her place in the world as a woman, and knows that she should not express her thoughts.